مقدمه
متن زیر یک معرفی کوتاه در مورد نوروز است که توسط تیم انگلیش توسکا برای شما آماده شده است.
شما برای تقویت مهارت خواندن خود باید بتوانید متون مختلف در موضوعات متفاوت را مطالعه و درک کنید که یکی از این موضوعات خواندن در مورد سنت‌ها و فرهنگ‌های مختلف است.
ابتدا متن را به طور کامل مطالعه کرده، سپس سعی کنید به سوالات پاسخ دهید.
اگر مشکلی در درک مطلب دارید به بخش لغات مراجعه کنید و در نهایت برای دیدن ترجمه و پاسخ صحیح سوالات جزوه را دانلود کنید.
Nowruz is the Farsi name for the Iranian new year. It begins in spring and marks the beginning of Farvardin which is the first month on the Hijri calendar(an Iranian calendar used in Iran and Afghanistan). Nowruz is celebrated worldwide by various groups and usually falls on the 21st of March. Even though Nowruz is rooted in Iranian traditions and has origins in the Zoroastrian religion, it has still been celebrated by diverse communities for over 3000 years. Chaharshanbe Suri is another celebration that happens right before Nowruz, on the last Wednesday of the year. It includes rituals such as jumping over a bonfire, lighting off fireworks and eating certain foods. Before jumping over the fire, it is tradition to say the poetic line “My yellow is yours and your red is mine” to the fire which just means my weakness to you and your strength to me. Another tradition of Chaharshanbe Suri is called Spoon Banging which is similar to Halloween’s trick-or-treating and involves people(mostly children) wearing disguises and going door-to-door banging spoons against bowls to receive snacks.
Prior to the start of Nowruz, families prepare a table called Haft-sin. This table includes seven things that begin with the letter sin(س) which are:
- Sabze (Sprouts grown from wheat, lentils or barley)
- Samanu (A sweet pudding made from wheat germ)
- Senjed (Also known as Russian olive)
- Serkeh (Vinegar)
- Sumac (A kind of plant)
- Sib (Apple)
- Sir (Garlic)
The Haft-sin table usually also includes a mirror, candles, painted eggs, goldfish and coins. In Iran, the holy book of the Quran is also included on the table. In Iran, the Nowruz holiday lasts for 13 days. On the thirteenth-day people go outside for a picnic to enjoy nature and have fun with family as a part of the Sizdah Bedar celebration. The sprouts that were grown for the Haft-sin table are thrown away, usually in running water. Some young single people also tie the leaves of the sprouts before throwing them away as they express their wish of finding a partner. Jokes and pranks similar to April fool’s day are also a part of Sizdah Bedar.
لیست لغات
| Mark | “acknowledge or celebrate (an important event) with a particular action.” (verb) | جشن گرفتن/ بزرگ داشتن |
| Celebrate |
“acknowledge (a significant or happy day or event) with a social gathering or enjoyable activity.” (verb)
|
جشن گرفتن |
| Worldwide |
“extending or reaching throughout the world.” (adverb)
|
جهانی |
| Various | “different from one another; of different kinds or sorts.” (adjective) | گوناگون |
| Root |
“establish deeply and firmly.” (verb)
|
ریشه داشتن |
| Tradition |
“the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.” (noun)
|
سنت |
| Origin |
“the point or place where something begins, arises, or is derived.” (noun)
|
منشاء |
| Religion | “the belief in and worship of superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.” (noun) | دین |
| Diverse | “showing a great deal of variety; very different” (adjective) | متنوع |
| Community | “a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.” (noun) | جامعه |
| Ritual | “a religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.”(noun) | مراسم/ تشریفات |
| Bonfire | “a large open-air fire used for burning rubbish or as part of a celebration.” (noun) | آتش بزرگ/آتش بازی |
| Poetic |
“a relating to or used in poetry” (adjective)
|
شاعرانه/ شعر مانند |
| Weakness |
“the state or condition of being weak.” (noun)
|
ضعف |
| Strength |
“the quality or state of being physically strong.” (noun)
|
قدرت |
| Disguise |
“give (someone or oneself) a different appearance in order to conceal one’s identity.” (verb)
|
حق |
| Bang |
“strike or put down (something) forcefully and noisily.” (verb)
|
ضربه محکم |
| Prior to |
“before” (phrase of prior)
|
قبل از |
| Sprout |
“a shoot of a plant.” (noun)
|
جوانه |
| Last |
“continue for a specified period of time.” (verb)
|
باقی ماندن |
| Prank |
“a practical joke or mischievous act.” (noun)
|
شوخی |
. Definitions are taken from lexico.com
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