مقدمه
هر سال تعداد زیادی از دانشجویان، رشته زبان انگلیسی را برای ادامه تحصیل خود انتخاب می‌کنند. در ایران این رشته از محبوبیت بالایی برخوردار است و به همین منظور تقریبا اکثر دانشگاه‌ها این رشته را ارائه می‌دهند. رشته زبان انگلیسی بسیار وسیع است و دانشجویان برای تحصیل در این رشته باید گرایش خود را قبل از شرکت در آزمون ورودی مشخص کنند.
این رشته در سه شاخه آموزش، زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی و مترجمی تقسیم می‌شود. گرایش زبان شناسی هم در دوره کارشناسی ارشد موجود می‌باشد. متاسفانه در حال حاضر گرایش زبان شناسی در دوره کارشناسی ارائه نمی‌شود. ولی به احتمال زیاد در سال‌های آتی این گرایش هم در دوره کارشناسی فراهم خواهد شد.
در ادامه این مقاله به معرفی گرایش زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی که بدون شک یکی از سخت‌ترین گرایش‌های رشته زبان انگلیسی است پرداختیم. امیدوارم از خواندن آن لذت ببرید.
English literature
English literature is one of three university majors students can apply to and study in Iran. The other two majors include English translation and English education. Linguistics is another English language field only available for students with a bachelor’s degree in one of the other English fields we mentioned above.
In the English literature field, students first focus on getting acquainted with all sorts of basic general English before diving into the vast world of literature. They will study English grammar, speaking and listening, creative writing, basic introduction to English education methodologies, and introduction to some linguistic theories, among other prerequisite subjects that students have to pass before they start the literature materials. This process may take about four semesters.
In the next and final four semesters, the students will focus on studying literary subjects like the English novel, poetry, theatre, history of English literature and genre. Studying and analyzing all sorts of academic materials will transform the students in this field into someone with a comprehensive knowledge of English literature.
Every different type of literature, like poetry, prose plays, and fiction, is studied theoretically and is subject to criticism. Also, in this field, we study the progress of English literature throughout its history dating back to one of the greatest and widely considered the first English literary piece, Beowulf.
Students also study the growth of different literary schools that have been used to Critique the works of art and literature. Each of these literary schools has dominated the literary world for a period of time; schools like Marxism, naturalism, postcolonialism, and structuralism are a few prominent schools that once were very popular.
In the English literature major, students must pass nine-course credit for the French language. The other English majors mentioned above don’t have French in their curriculum. Making English literature students study basic French is not uncommon because, as literature students, we will come across a lot of French literature or translated materials from French.
It is necessary to have a basic knowledge of the French language to make the most out of this major.
I also like to think it’s a way to introduce the French language to the students to encourage them to continue studying it well after they finish college.
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| رشته تحصیلی | “Specialize in (a particular subject) at college or university.” | Major |
| زبان شناسی | “The scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of grammar, syntax, and phonetics. Specific branches of linguistics include sociolinguistics, dialectology, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, comparative linguistics, and structural linguistics.” | Linguistics |
| مدرک کارشناسی | “A degree that is given to a student by a college or university usually after four years of study.” | Bachelor’s degree |
| آشنا شدن | “Make someone aware of or familiar with something.” | Acquainted |
| وسیع، عظیم، بزرگ | “Of very great extent or quantity; immense” | Vast |
| نگارش خلاقانه (متون ادبی، نقد، مقالات آکادمیک | “Writing, typically fiction or poetry, which displays imagination or invention (often contrasted with academic or journalistic writing).” | Creative writing |
| روش شناسی | “A system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity.” | Methodology |
| نظریه | “A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.” | Theory |
| دروس پیش نیاز | “A thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist.” | Prerequisite subjects |
| ترم | “A half-year term in a school or university, typically lasting for fifteen to eighteen weeks.” | Semesters |
| آکادمیک | “Relating to an educational or scholarly institution or environment.” | Academic |
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همه جانبه
|
“Including or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of something.” | Comprehensive |
| علم، دانش، آگاهی | “Facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.” | Knowledge |
| از نظر تئوری | “In a way that relates to the theory of a subject or area of study rather than its practical application.” | Theoretically |
| پیشرفت | “Develop towards an improved or more advanced condition.” | Progress |
| رشد | “The process of developing physically, mentally, or spiritually.” | Growth |
| مکاتب ادبی | “Literary schools are a way to divide literature into categories of similar philosophical, topical, or aesthetic features, as opposed to divisions by genre or period.” | Literary schools |
| نقد | “A detailed analysis and assessment of something, especially a literary, philosophical, or political theory.” | Critique |
| مکتب یا نظریه مارکسیست | “The political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis of communism.” | Marxism |
| طبیعت گرایی | “(in art and literature) A style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.” | Naturalism |
| نظریه پسا استعمار | “The political or cultural condition of a former colony.” | Postcolonialism |
| ساخت گرایی | “A method of interpretation and analysis of aspects of human cognition, behaviour, culture, and experience, which focuses on relationships of contrast between elements in a conceptual system.” | Structuralism |
| برجسته، خیلی مهم | “Important; famous” | Prominent |
| محبوب، معروف | “Liked or admired by many people or by a particular person or group.” | Popular |
| واحد دروس دانشگاهی | “A course credit is a unit that gives weighting to the value, level or time requirements of an academic course taken at a school or other educational institution.” | Course credit |
| برنامه تحصیلی | “The subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college.” | Curriculum |
| غیر عادی، غیر معمول | “Out of the ordinary; unusual” | Uncommon |
| منابع | “Items, such as songs or jokes, books, etc.” | Materials |
| ضروری | “Needed to be done, achieved, or present; essential” | Necessary |
| تشویق کردن | “Persuade (someone) to do or continue to do something by giving support and advice.” | Encourage |
.Definitions are taken from lexico.com
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